Pesticide Technology to Reduce Risk

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Pesticide Technology to Reduce Risk
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• Risk and Liability

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What is Risk?

• ACTUARIAL A measure of the probability and
  severity of an adverse effect.
• LEGAL The probability or chance that a
  particular hazard will lead to injury.
• BUSINESS The probability of loss resulting from
  inadequate or failed internal processes.
• MILITARY The probability or chance that a
  particular threat will exploit a particular
  vulnerability.

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Defining Risk

• Risk Hazard x Exposure
• Hazard Any circumstance or event with the
  potential to cause harm. A hazard in and of
  itself presents no risk until something is
  exposed to it.
• Exposure A particular amount of time something
  comes in contact with a hazard or the number of
  times something comes in contact with a hazard.

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Risk Expressed as Cost

• Risk Threat x Vulnerability x Assets (cost)
• Threat is the frequency of potentially adverse
  events resulting from hazards (hazard x events).
• Vulnerability is the likelihood of success of a
  particular threat.
• Costs are measured in terms of "real" damage to
  assets.

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Categories of Risk

• Legal risk
• Compliance enforcement (prosecution)
• Liability (litigation)
• Financial risk
• Assets (loss of money)
• Liability (debits)
• Market risk
• Loss of sales
• Loss of profit (reduced margin, bottom line)
• Technology risk
• Breakdown (down time)
• Disruption (interruption of activity)

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Factors That Increase Risk

• Toxicity
• chemicals
• physical conditions
• human health factors
• Exposure (handler)
• mixing/loading
• application
• cleanup
• storage/transport
• disposal

• Exposure (workers/public)
• entering treated areas
• movement off site
• transport
• mix/load/storage sites
• disposal
• spills
• exposure to treated crops

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Laws to Reduce Risk

• U. S. Laws
• FFDCA 1908
• FIFRA 1947
• OSHA 1973
• ESA 1973
• RCRA 1973
• SARA Title III
• CWA 1974
• SDWA 1975
• 40 CFR 170-171
• FQPA 1996
• Patriot Act 2001

• Texas Laws
• Pesticide Law 1899
• Herbicide Law
• Clean Air Act
• Clean Water Act
• Solid Waste Disposal
• OSHA
• Tx Health Code
• Tx Occupational Code
• Tx Admin. Code
• AHC Act 1987

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Areas Where Applicators Can Reduce Risk

• Exposure (workers/public)
• control access
• control runoff/leaching/drift
• change transportation factors
• mix/load/storage sites BMPs
• minimize waste
• be prepared to handle spills
• avoid harvesting

• Pesticide Toxicity
• less toxic pesticides
• non-chemical alternatives
• rate, dilution, formulation
• Exposure (handler)
• use PPE
• use of advanced packaging systems
• implement advanced handling systems

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Todays Topics

• EXPOSURE
• Advanced handling technology
• Systems to reduce exposure, drift, waste
• Personal protection (PPE)
• Toxicity
• Reduced risk formulations and packaging
• Alternatives
• DISPOSAL Waste minimization
• Clean up
• Container disposal

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EXPOSURE
I. Environment II. Personal Protection III.
Closed Systems
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I. MIXING AND LOADING SITES

• HAZARDS TO CONSIDER
• Water Contamination
• Drains
• Backflow Protection
• Mix on site

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DO NOT Mix or Load Next To or Above

• Wells
• Creeks
• Ponds
• Water Sources

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When Mixing, Loading, or Cleaning Pesticide
Equipment Over or Near Drains
KNOW WHERE THE DRAIN EMPTIES!
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Proper Mixing and Loading Area
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Use Backflow Protection

• Air Gap
• Backflow Preventer

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II. PPE - Personal Protective Equipment

• Need for PPE
• Knowing How to Use PPE

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PPE Protects You From Exposure When Working With
Pesticides

• TYPES OF EXPOSURE
• Oral
• Inhalation
• Dermal
• Ocular

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Label specific
• May include
• gloves
• boots or shoe covers
• coveralls
• hood or wide-brimmed hat
• apron
• protective eyewear
• respirator

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Review The Label For PPE Information
If Label Does Not Refer To PPE Use a Minimum of
Protection Such As

• Long Sleeve Shirt
• Long Pants
• Shoes and Socks
• Chemical Resistant Gloves

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PROPER STORAGE AND MAINTENANCE OF PPE SHOULD
INCLUDE

• NEVER Store With Pesticides
• Respirator and Respirator Cartridges should be
  Stored Separately
• Clean Respirator after Each Use
• Clothes Used While Applying Pesticides Should be
  Washed Separately From Other Laundry

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III. CLOSED SYSTEMS
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Closed Systems

• Eliminate manual mixing/loading process
• Reduce exposure to concentrates
• Reduce waste of concentrates
• Reduce spill potential

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Closed Systems - Small Systems and Backpack
Sprayers

• Nomix/Monsanto Expedite System
• pre-packaged product (no mixing or handling)
• self-sealing, no waste, refillable containers
• five different herbicides

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Closed Systems - Small Systems and Backpack
Sprayers

• Nomix/Monsanto Expedite System
• backpack sprayer
• reduced drift
• nozzles
• chemistry

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Injection Systems

• Closed system
• Computer-controlled mixing and calibration
• No large tank of diluted chemical
• in-line mixing
• Tank mixes
• Eliminates waste and saves time

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Soluble Containers

• Vinyl-alcohol water soluble films
• Water soluble paks
• Gel paks
• Effervescent tablets
• Biodegradable containers
• Bag-in-bag
• Impregnated fabrics and plastics

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Water Soluble Packs

• Reduced packaging
• paper outer shell
• non-hazardous waste
• Water soluble pouch
• polyvinyl alcohol
• Water dispersalbe dry formulations
• Granules (WDG/DF)
• Wettable powders (WP)
• Soluble powders (SP)

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Gel Paks

• Reduced packaging
• water soluble pouch
• supports mixtures
• non-hazardous waste
• Liquid formulation
• gel
• sensitive to impact
• water soluble
• self-sealing

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Lock n Load
Equipment manufacturers and agricultural chemical
companies are joining forces to reduce pesticide
waste and improve applicator safety. Returnable
chemical containers are being designed to fit
directly into a valve on the lid of a planter's
pesticide hopper. This reduces the risk of the
applicator inhaling pesticide dust and disposal
of dry granular pesticide packaging.
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Effervescent Tablets

• Scored tablets
• cut dosages
• Dissolve in mix water
• Prescribed amounts
• no mixing and loading of concentrates

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Impregnated Fabrics/Plastics

• Contained in pockets on plastic or synthetic
  landscape fabric
• Used as mulches to inhibit weed growth
• Slow release from pockets

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Reduce Drift

• Low drift nozzles
• Spray shields
• Low boom height
• Proper application
• low wind speeds
• low pressures
• selection of formulations with low drift potential

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DISPOSAL
A. Clean Up B. Container Disposal
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A. Clean Up
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Handling Rinsates and Reducing Wastes

• Triple rinsing (10-30-3)
• Probes and Jets
• jet rinsers
• siphon/rinse probes
• tank rinsers
• container rinsers
• Closed systems
• Injection systems
• Portable sumps

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Jet Rinsers

• Accepted alternative to triple rinsing
• Inexpensive
• Very efficient
• speeds up rinsing
• saves chemical
• saves time
• saves money

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Probes

• Siphon/rinse probes
• closed system (part)
• measure concentrates
• eliminate mix/load process
• reduce chance of waste and spills

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Tank and Container Rinsers

• Tank rinsers
• internal to tank
• more efficient
• saves time and cleans more efficiently
• Container rinsers
• designed to rinse larger containers
• does not puncture container

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Portable Sumps

• Decontamination sites
• Up to 33 linear feet of work area and 1,465
  gallon sumps
• Eliminate spills and runoff from load/fill sites
• Comply with existing and future disposal
  regulations

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Steps for Proper Triple Rinsing

• Let Container Drain or Drip Into Spray Tank For
  At Least 30 Seconds
• Fill Container 1/3 Full of Water
• Replace Cap On Container and Rotate or Shake to
  Rinse ALL Sides
• Drain Rinse Mixture From Container Into Spray
  Tank
• Repeat Steps 2-4 Twice More Before Disposal of
  Pesticide Container

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Steps for Correct Pressure Rinsing

• Let Container Drain or Drip Into Spray Tank For
  At Least 30 Seconds
• Insert Tip of P/N Through Side of Pesticide
  Container Near Base
• Spray Inside Container for 30 Seconds While
  Holding Over Tank
• Drain all Rinse Water from Container into Spray
  Tank

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Offer For Recycling
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B. Container Disposal

• Dispose of Pesticide Containers In a Manner Which
  Will Not Contaminate Any Aspect of the
  Environment
• Pesticide Labels Have Specific Instructions on
  Proper Disposal Procedures

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Proper Disposal of Pesticide Containers Includes

• Triple Rinsing or Pressure Rinsing
• Offer for Recycling Where Available
• If Not. Puncture and Place In Landfill

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Disposal Basics

• Avoid excess stored inventories
• Minimize excess pesticides and rinsates
• Avoid the need to dispose of pesticide containers
  as wastes

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Disposal Methods

• Storage
• Reuse
• Remediation
• Recycling
• Burial (Solid Waste)
• Incineration (Clean Air)

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Excess Pesticides

• Buy only what you need for one season
• Calculate dilutions carefully
• Use all mixed pesticide as labeled
• Apply excess mix as labeled on site
• cant exceed rate and frequency
• comply with application directions
• Return or give away excess products
• Add rinsates to tank

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Pesticide Wastes

• Excess pesticides and rinsates must be disposed
  of as wastes
• Sanitary landfills will take rinsed containers
  only
• Store wastes
• under RCRA guidelines
• small hazardous waste generator
• 2.2lbs. (acute) / 2,300 lbs/month
• farmer exemptions
• Have wastes hauled
• commercial haulers

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Containers

• Use refillable or returnable containers
• Recycle or recondition containers
• Use soluble packaging

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Container Design

• Redesigned to reduce spills and enhance handling
• Glug-proof / no glug spout
• Reduced weight (10 L vs 5 gal)
• Impact resistant
• Measure and pour spouts
• Closed systems
• Elimination of traditional containers
• Returnable containers

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Container Contents

• Low rate technology
• ounces/acre
• smaller containers
• Reduced risk pesticides
• lower toxicity
• more flexible handling
• reduce number of containers
• may eliminate some products as hazardous waste

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Returnable/Refillable Paks

• Mini-bulks and small volume returnables
• Ag. and specialty
• 15 - 110 gallon
• Novartis
• FarmPak/TurfPak
• Aqumix
• 15 gallon
• dilute or concentrate
• closed systems
• rights-of-way industry
• Lock and Load

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Recyclable and Reconditionable Containers

• Must be properly rinsed
• metal
• plastic
• chipped and recycled
• Drums
• 30 and 55 gallon
• return to dealer
• reconditioning
• reuse

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Summary Risk Mitigation

• Reduced risk handling systems
• formulations and packaging eliminate handling
  concentrates and mixing
• containers reduce spills and accidents
• closed systems and computer controlled systems
  reduce fatigue and mistakes
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• still the best way to reduce exposure

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Summary - Affecting Toxicity

• Reduced risk pesticide products
• low toxicity compounds
• new registrations (many post 1993)
• most biologicals and low rate products
• formulations and packaging

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Texas Registered Products

• Products registered specifically in Texas
• not all inclusive
• does not imply other products are illegal
• notice low risk products in list
• WSP, WSB, Dry-Pak, ChemPaks,
• G, RTU, WDG
• IGR, phermones, milky spore, Bt.

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Thank youAre there any questions?

• Contact me
• Mary L. Ketchersid
• Agricultural Environmental Safety
• 115 Agronomy Field Lab 2488 - TAMU
• College Station, Texas 77843-2488
• Phone [phone]
• FAX [phone]
• E-mail m-ketchersid_at_tamu.edu

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Sometimes a presentation is a lot like a longhorn
steer - - -

• A point here and a point there, with a whole lot
  of bull in between.

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Pesticide Technology to Reduce Risk

• Douglass E. Stevenson, Ph.D.
• Agricultural Environmental Safety
• Texas Cooperative Extension
• Texas AM University
• College Station, Texas

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Pesticide Technology to Reduce Risk

• Presented by
• Mary L. Ketchersid
• Agricultural Environmental Safety
• Texas Cooperative Extension
• Texas AM University
• College Station, Texas