Extinction

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Extinction Recovery

• Chapter 6

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Extinction Procedure

• Extinction can be used as an intervention to
  reduce behavior
• Reinforcement must precede use of extinction

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Lucille
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Lucille, the restless resident
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Extinction Principle

• Stopping the reinforcement or escape contingency
  for a previously reinforced response causes the
  response frequency to decrease

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Examples of Extinction

• Stop writing with pen when it runs out of ink
• Stop calling friend who never answers
• Stop trying to push down clutch on car that has
  an automatic shift

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Examples of Extinction

• Stop trying to open a locked door with the wrong
  key
• Stop fiddling with a broken TV

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Solving Problems of Behavioral Excess

• Behavior can be multiply maintained

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Functional Assessment

• Generic contingency for running away

Before Setting conditions in the before room
Behavior Running Away
After Setting conditions in the after room
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Define Running Away

• Leaving classroom?
• Leaving classroom without permission?
• Running and leaving the classroom without
  permission?
• Running and leaving assigned area without
  permission?

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Functional Assessment

• Running away - ATTENTION

Before Josh receives little attention
Behavior Josh runs away
After Josh receives much attention
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Functional Assessment

• Running away - TANGIBLE

Before Josh has no toys, chips, etc.
Behavior Josh runs away
After Josh has toys, chips, etc.
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Functional Assessment
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Functional Assessment
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Functional Assessment
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Functional Assessment
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Functional Assessment
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Possible Outcome of Functional Assessment 1
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Possible Outcome of Functional Assessment 2
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Possible Outcome of Functional Assessment 3
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Possible Outcome of Functional Assessment 4
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Actual Findings of Functional Assessment
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Intervention

• Running away

Before Josh receives little attention
Behavior Josh runs away
After Josh receives little attention
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Intervention II

• Running away

Before Josh has no toys, chips, etc.
Behavior Josh runs away
After Josh has no toys, chips, etc.
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In Addition

• Running away

Before Josh has no attention praise
Behavior Josh plays with toys in room
After Josh has attention praise
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Results of Extinction Intervention

• Reduction of behavior of running away
• Functional assessment led to use of interventions
  functionally related to the maladaptive response
  of running away.

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Baseline
Intervention
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Extinction Bursts

• Initial increases in the response frequency,
  magnitude, or intensity, especially if that
  response has an emotional Or aggressive
  component.

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Baseline
Intervention
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Baseline
Intervention
Extinction Burst
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Spontaneous Recovery

• A temporary recovery of the extinguished behavior
  during the first part of extinction sessions that
  follow the first session.

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Baseline
Intervention
Spontaneous Recovery
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Baseline
Intervention
Spontaneous Recovery
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Extinction

• What will happen if baseline contingencies occur
  during spontaneous recovery?
• What will happen if baseline contingencies occur
  during an extinction burst?

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REVIEW Time-Out
Before Nephew is at breakfast table
Behavior Nephew swears
After Nephew is not at breakfast table
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Punishment
Before Player not called for foul
Behavior Player hangs on rim
After Player called for foul
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Reinforcement
Before Nephew has no lox bagel
Behavior Nephew swears
After Nephew has lox bagel
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Extinction
Before Nephew has no lox bagel
Behavior Nephew swears
After Nephew has no lox bagel
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Extinction from Negative Reinforcement
Before Tammy is given task demands
Behavior Tammy cries
After Tammy is given task demands
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Punishment by the withholding of a reinforcer
Before Nephew will get dessert
Behavior Nephew swears
After Nephew wont get dessert
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Extinction vs. response cost time-out
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Recovery from Punishment

• Stopping the punishment or penalty contingency
  for a previously punished response causes the
  response frequency to increase to its frequency
  before the punishment or penalty contingency
• Can you draw a graph that illustrates this?

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Recovery from Punishment vs. Spontaneous Recovery
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In extinction following either reinforcement or
escape training, everything stays the same,
except the response no longer has any effect.
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Extinction of Escape Maintained Aggression
Before Bob Receives Instruction
Behavior Bob Aggresses
After Bob receives no more instructions
After Bob receives instructions
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Carr Newsom Binkoff
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Assessment
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Extinction from Negative Reinforcement
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Extinction vs. Forgetting

• Forgetting procedure
• Preventing the opportunity for a response

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Results expected from forgetting procedure

• Expect a decreased frequency of a response
  following a period when the response could not
  occur.
• Is this what happens?

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Extinction vs. Forgetting
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Forgetting

• Forget forgetting, there is no such thing.