Past, Present, and Future of NEQS Implementation in Pakistan

1

Past, Present, and Future of NEQS Implementation
in Pakistan By Azher Uddin Khan CEO Cleaner
Production Institute
2
Process of NEQS FormulationThe Past

• 1983-1988
• Period of No Action
• Promulgation of the Environmental Protection
  Ordinance in 1983
• No Further Action

3
Process of NEQS FormulationThe Past

• 1989-1993
• Period of Strategic Actions
• National Conservation Strategy was prepared and
  approved by the cabinet
• Establishment of EPAs
• First PEPC Meeting

4
Rules and Procedures for NEQSThe Past

• Set up of Environmental Standard Committee
  Shamslakha Committee - 1996
• Approval of PEPA 1997 by the Cabinet and Assembly
• National Environmental Quality Standard
  (Self-monitoring and reporting by industries)
  Rules, 1998
• Provincial Sustainable Development Fund
  (Procedure) Rules, 1998
• Provincial Sustainable Development Fund
  (Utilization) Rules, 1998
• Industrial Pollution Charge (Calculation and
  Collection) Rules, 1998
• Environmental Sampling Rules, 1999
• Hazardous Substances Rules, 1999
• Environmental Laboratory Certification

5
NEQS Enforcement and Stakeholders ActionsPast
and Present

• Institutional Strengthening of EPAs
• Institutional Strengthening of Industry
  Institutions
• FPCCI established permanent environmental cell
  and committees
• More than 8 industrial associations established
  environmental committees and technical cells
• Sector-level Implementation of environmental
  projects
• Pakistan Tanners Association
• All Pakistan Textile Processing Mills
  Associations
• Pakistan Society of Sugar Technologists

6
NEQS Enforcement and Stakeholders ActionsCleaner
Production Technologies

• Initiation of Cleaner Production Measures in 90s
  for resource conservation, recovery, reuse and
  recycling
• Implementation of CP can generate savings for the
  implementation of wastewater treatment (Example
  5-7 years in textile processing)
• Projects and Programs for CP Implementation
• Environmental Technology Program for Industry
  (ETPI)
• Cleaner Production Program (CPP)
• Introduction of Cleaner Technologies in Punjab
  Tanneries (ICTP)
• Cleaner Technology Program for Korangi Tanneries
  (CTP)
• Introduction of CP in Textile Sector of Pakistan
  (ICPT)
• Cleaner Production Centres (CPC)

7
NEQS Enforcement and Stakeholders
ActionsWastewater Treatment Technologies

• Activated sludge process is the most commonly
  employed technology for treatment of tannery,
  textile processing and other wastewaters
• UASB Aerated Lagoons technology used in CETP
  for Korangi Tanneries, Karachi
• Diffused Air Floatation technology employed for
  the primary treatment of a paper mill wastewater
• Facultative ponds technology used in Combined
  Effluent Treatment Plant for Kasur tanneries for
  primary treatment

8
Environment Industry Projects Implemented

• Kasur Environmental Management Project
• Environmental Protection and Resource
  Conservation Project
• Combined Effluent Treatment Plant Korangi
• Technology Transfer for Sustainable Industry
  Development
• Environmental Technology Program for Industry
• Introduction of Cleaner Technologies in Punjab
  Tanneries
• Cleaner Production Center Sialkot
• Hospital Waste Management Project
• Implementation of Cleaner Technologies in Textile
  Sector Pilot
• Establishment of CPC at Attock Refinery
• Ozone Depleting Substances Project
• Fuel Efficiency in Road Transport Sector Project
• Cleaner Production Program for Industries

9
NEQS Enforcement and Stakeholders
ActionsInitiatives under Implementation

• National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP)
• Introduction of Cleaner Technologies in Punjab
  Tanneries
• Implementation of Cleaner Technologies in Karachi
  Tanneries
• Pakistan Tanners Associations (PTA) Laboratory
  of Environmental Sciences (LES) in Lahore
• Implementation of Cleaner Production Technologies
  in the Textile-Processing Sector of Pakistan
• Cleaner Production Centres
• Pakistan Environmental Research Training WWF
  and Lead-Pakistan

10
NEQS Enforcement and Stakeholders
ActionsEnvironmental Investments by Industries

• Past (1993-2004)
• Pakistans industries have made an investment of
  about Rupees 4 billion for the implementation of
  environmental solutions.
• Fertilizer, Cement, Leather, textile, Pulp
  Paper, Pharmaceutical sectors are the major
  investors
• Potential Future
• It is projected that in the next ten years
  (2005-2015) the potential for environmental
  investments in different industrial sectors is
  about Rupees 15 billion.
• The environmental investments will be gradually
  raised to the range of Rs.1.3-1.5-1.8 billion per
  year by 2005-2010-2015 respectively.
• Major investments will in the form of CETPs,
  Hazardous waste management, leather, textile, and
  sugar sectors.

11
Setbacks to the NEQS ComplianceThe Present

• The momentum of 1996-1999 was substantially lost
  in 2000 and later years.
• Government Change The present mindset of the
  government has taken out the element of political
  will from the environmental movement in the
  country.
• 9/11 Event and Afghan War Environmental
  investments went down by 30, and 70-80 in the
  leather and textile sectors, respectively.
• Defocused EPAs, NGOs, and Industry Associations
• EPAs remained focus on the universal
  implementation of NEQS to all the industries of
  Pakistan, including those financially disturbed.
• During 2000-2003, the performance of NGOs was at
  bare minimum.

12
The Way OutThe Future

• Selling NEQS Implementation to the Government
• The conditions in the country and in the
  international market have improved.
• NGOs and other civic entrepreneurs have to
  stand-up with EPAs to improve the understanding
  of the government about environmental issues and
  secure the political will.
• Using the Courts more Objectively
• EPAs, NGOs, and civic entrepreneurs should
  approach courts and environmental tribunals more
  frequently

13
The Way Out-The FutureFocus the Defocus

• EPAs, in view of their, capabilities and
  capacity, shall
• focus on few, with the sizeable pollution loads
• Textile Mills (600)
• Tanneries (300)
• Large Industries (100)
• Multinational Industry (100)
• Municipal Agencies (Initially with more than 1
  million population)
• EPAs to make Industrial Associations as partners
  of implementation of NEQS
• Promote ISO 14000 certification