intermediary between the user & database. used to establish, ... The most common example of this model is the Information Management System (IMS) by IBM. ...
Golf 125 John Dig 12 10 120. 102 Mary Cut 15 20 300. 109 Peter Mow 5 15 75 ... wasted data and wasted disk space. potential integrity problems. impact on performance. ...
... problems arise because the computer cannot execute TWO commands ... This program scans the log for the latest update made to each respective record. ...