When I go onto verification for iCloud on my iPhone it says that my email is not verified even though I went to my email and verified it, it isn't recognized as verified on my iPhone. This could be caused by a number of scenarios. One of the most common things to check is whether you're actually connected to the internet? I have seen many people not realize they weren't connected, especially after an iOS update.
First of all find the name of your iCloud account on the left side of the main Mail window of your screen. If your account name is dimmed and has a lightning-bolt symbol next to it, then your account is offline. If you want take your account online, connect to the Internet, then select to Mailbox And take All Accounts Online. These steps will definitely help you to receiving emails on iCloud.
One of the many problems iCloud users face on their iOS devices is they are unable to connect to the server. When they do something that requires connecting to iCloud, the device generates an error message that says "Verification Failed.