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The centralised control of data means that for many applications the ... e.g. DB2, INGRES, NON-STOP SQL, ORACLE, Rdb/VMS. Focused on business data processing ...
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Degrees of Data Independence. Device Characteristics. Blocking Factors. Data ... In the early days, database applications were built on top of file systems ...
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Data Mining Adrian Tuhtan 004757481 CS157A Section1 Overview Introduction Explanation of Data Mining Techniques Advantages Applications Privacy Data Mining What is ...
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16.2.Algebraic Laws for Improving Query Plans
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LOSSLESS DECOMPOSITION Prof. Sin-Min Lee Department of Computer Science San Jose State University Definition of Decomposition A decomposition of a relation R is a set ...
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Multivalued Dependency Prof. Sin-Min Lee Department of Computer Science Multivalued Dependencies The multivalued dependency X Y holds in a relation R if whenever we ...
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RELATIONAL ALGEBRA (II) Prof. Sin-Min LEE Department of Computer Science Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT The PROJECT Operation Sequences of Operations ...
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John enjoys Music. Jogging. Mary enjoys Reading. Tennis. Cycling. Jenny enjoys Music. STUDENT ... customer-name customer-street customer-city ...
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by Abdul Rashid Ahmad E.F. Codd proposed three normal forms: The first, second, and third normal forms 1NF, 2NF and 3NF are based on the functional dependencies among ...
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Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: michela Last modified by: Lee Created Date: 2/28/2001 3:12:22 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show
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deletion anomalies: cancelling AA411 on 10/22/00 makes us lose that it is flown by American. ... update anomalies: if DL242 is flown by Sabena, we must change ...
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Set intersection, division, natural join, and assignment combine the fundamental ... Natural Join ... in common, the natural join is simply the cross-product. ...
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San Jose. San Jose. Branch. Jupiter. Green. Venus. Hoskins. Project. Employee. Functional dependencies: ... San Jose. Saturn. Hoskins. San Jose. Branch. Jupiter ...
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Functional Dependency Graphs and SQL Prof. Sin-Min Lee Department of Computer Science San Jose State University Data Normalization Primarily a tool to validate and ...
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Disallowed partial dependencies on any key in 2NF. Disallowed transitive dependencies on any key in 3NF. Simpler definition for 3NF: ...
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Data mining takes this evolutionary process beyond retrospective data access and ... size and quality, data mining technology can generate new business opportunities ...
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Boyce-Codd NF & Lossless Decomposition Professor Sin-Min Lee Armstrong s Axioms For computing the set of FDs that follow a given FD, the following rules called ...
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Second, our subject field contains more than one piece of information. ... field, it would be very difficult to search for all books on a given subject. ...
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The OUTER JOIN Operation. SPECIAL RELATIONAL OPERATORS ... in SQL, we can leave it to the optimizer in the DBMS to select the nest approach. ...
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Uses tags to request elements of a document from the TeX typesetter. Not WYSIWYG ... When using LaTeX, all document formatting is embedded within the text. ...
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the domain of DLOCATIONS contains atomic values, but some tuples can have a set of these values. ... General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms ...
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from loan. 10. Creating Table Structure. Tables store end-user data ... inserts the student Jane Doe into Students whose GPA 4.0 and who is an honor student. ...
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A form of Relational Calculus which uses domain variables that take on values ... Graphical version (i.e. Microsoft Access, Borland Paradox) Skeleton Tables ...
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Note the very different meanings of the attribute salary' Note ... for all rows in S which have the same symbols in the columns corresponding to attributes in X ...
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Parts of SQL. Data Definition Language (DDL) Data manipulation ... Basic Schema Definition in SQL. We create SQL relation using the create table command ...
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Enhanced ER-diagram Prof. Sin-Min Lee Department of Computer Science Example: A library database contains a listing of authors that have written books on various ...
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Normal Forms provide database designers with: ... Each component will become the key in a new table. Converting to 2NF. 8/3/09. 28 ...
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Enhanced ER-diagram Prof. Sin-Min Lee Department of Computer Science Example: A library database contains a listing of authors that have written books on various ...
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An example row consists of constants and example elements which ... P. in front of the row displays the entire relation. P. amount. Branch-name. Loan-number ...
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... once (with a different B), or A must map to more than one B in a given ... values ( Luke', Duke', 45, 2130 Boars Nest', Hazard Co.', Georgia'); 11/13/09. 35 ...
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A relational schema R is in 3NF if for every FD X Y associated with R either: ... Disney. color. 104. 1991. Mighty Ducks. Ford. Fox. color. 124. 1977. Star ...
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Primarily a tool to validate and improve a logical design so that it satisfies ... VIN Make, Model, Color. note: the LHS is the determinant ...
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Extends projection operation by allowing arithmetic functions. Standard ... ?studentName, quizAverage testAvg(classList) will return a attribute without a ...
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ARTIST Dolly Parton /ARTIST Eros. Eros Ramazzotti. Still got the blue. Gary Moore ... Dolly Parton. Hide your heart. Bonnie Tyler. Empire Burlesque. Bob Dylan ...
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MUSIC. 5. Piano. C6. MUSIC. 4. Violin. C4. SPORTS. 1. Tennis. C3 ... MUSIC. Piano. MUSIC. Violin. SPORTS. Tennis. MATH. Statistics. CS. Database. DEPT. CNAME ...
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Problems of first design. Redundancy, potential inconsistency. Insertion Anomalies ... A key is a set of attributes where: If keys match, then the tuples match ...
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