Food borne infection from food from local restaurants in Lagos, Nigeria- Causes, and need for intervention - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Food borne infection from food from local restaurants in Lagos, Nigeria- Causes, and need for intervention
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Title: Food borne infection from food from local restaurants in Lagos, Nigeria- Causes, and need for intervention
1
Food borne infection from food from local
restaurants in Lagos, Nigeria- Causes, and need
for intervention
- Muinah Fowora
- Walden University
- 22nd July, 2012
2
Outline
- Introduction
- Food borne diseases
- Causes of food borne diseases
- Introduction of contaminants into food
- Local Restaurants in Lagos, Nigeria
- Causes of food borne diseases in local
restaurants - Evidence that this problem exist
- Existing interventions to this problem
- Possible interventions and regulations
3
Introduction
- Food consumption is one of the most important
factors that influence health - Majority of people visit local restaurants and
fast food restaurants - To protect human health, quality of food needs to
be preserved
4
Food borne diseases
- Millions affected yearly, with thousands of death
annually worldwide (WHO, 2012) - Diseases caused by the presence of contaminants
in food. - Contaminants can be biological or chemical in
nature - WHO (2012). Prevention of foodborne disease Five
keys to safer food. Retrieved from
http//www.who.int/foodsafety/consumer/5keys/en/in
dex.html
5
Food borne diseases (contd.)
- Includes diseases like amebic dysentery,
giardiasis, dysentery, gastroenteritis, diarrhea,
typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonellosis,
amongst others. - Micro-organisms mainly responsible (Moeller,
2011). - Moeller, D.W. (2011). Environmental Health (4th
ed.). Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.
6
Causes of food borne diseases
- Bacterial Infections examples include Salmonella
species, Shigella species, Escherichia coli
amongst others - Viral Infections like the Norwalk-like viruses
and the hepatitis A and E. - Toxins and naturally occurring toxins (Moeller,
2011) - Moeller, D.W. (2011). Environmental Health (4th
ed.). Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.
7
Introduction of contaminants into food
- Before food preparation
- During food preparation
- After food preparation (MDH, 2010).
- MDH (2010). Food contamination and food borne
illness prevention. Retrieved from
http//www.health.state.mn.us/foodsafety/preventio
n.html
8
Uncensored Local restaurants in Lagos, Nigeria
Source Mama Dami Food Canteen Yaba, Lagos ,
picture by Muinah Fowora 2012)
9
Uncensored Local restaurants in Lagos, Nigeria
10
Uncensored Local restaurants in Lagos, Nigeria
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Causes of Food Borne Diseases in Local Restaurant
- Inadequate knowledge of food borne diseases and
their causes - Improper food handling techniques
- Unsustainable environment
12
Evidence that the problem exist
- Various researches have been carried out on both
food handlers and on food from local canteens and
restaurants - The study by Smith, Agomo, Bamidele, Opere and
Aboaba (2010) showed the knowledge of food
handlers about typhoid fever
13
Evidence that the problem exist (contd.)
- Smith et al. (2010) showed that 27.7 of food
handlers do not wash hands before preparing food - 28.1 used only water to wash hands after using
the toilet - 90 had heard of and know about typhoid fever
14
Evidence that the problem exist (contd.)
- However, 15.6 of these did not know how it was
contacted - Okolie, Omonigbehin, Badru, and Akande (2011)
isolated pathogenic bacteria from food sold in
private primary schools in Akoka, Lagos. - Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus,
Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas specie were all
isolated from the food samples
15
Existing interventions or regulations
- Are there any existing interventions or
regulations to combat these problems? - Food and drugs decree 35 of 1974
- Implementing authorities at the central,
provincial, and local government level (WHO,
2009) - WHO (2009). FAN country profiles Nigeria.
Retrieved from http//www.afro.who.int/en/clusters
-a-programmes/hpr/food-safety-and-nutrition-fan/fa
n-country-profiles.html
16
Existing interventions or regulations (contd.)
- Central level NAFDAC, NIOMR, and the ministry
of agriculture - Provincial level NAFDAC and the state
government agencies - Local level Local government task force and
NAFDAC
17
Existing interventions or regulations (contd.)
- WHO food safety and Nutrition (FAN) country
profile for Nigeria, Nigeria supposedly has food
inspectors - Food inspectors are supposed to carry out food
control implementation, and also inspect food
establishments (WHO, 2009).
18
Possible intervention and regulations
- Health hygiene training
- Enlightenment programs on hygienic food
preparation and good sanitary practices - Regulations to govern the food handlers and their
practice. - Proper inspection, monitoring and enforcement
19
References
- MDH (2010). Food contamination and food borne
illness prevention. Retrieved from
http//www.health.state.mn.us/foodsafet y/prevent
ion.html - Moeller, D.W. (2011). Environmental Health (4th
ed.). Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.
20
References (contd.)
- Okolie, N.P., Omonigbehin, E., Badru, O.A.,
Akande, I.S. (2011). Isolation of pathogenic
bacteria from some foods sold at selected
private schools in Akoka area of Yaba Lagos,
Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science,6(3),
65-69.
21
References (contd.)
- Smith, S.I., Agoma, C.O., Bamidele, M., Opere,
B.O., Aboaba, O.O. (2010). Survey of food
handlers in bukas (a type of local restaurant)
in Lagos, Nigeria about typhoid fever. Health,
2(8), 951- 956. Doi10.4236/health.2010.28141
22
References (contd.)
- WHO (2009). FAN country profiles Nigeria.
Retrieved from http//www.afro.who.int/en/cluste
rs-a- programmes/hpr/food-safety-and- nutrition-fa
n/fan-country-profiles.html
23
References (contd.)
- WHO (2012). Prevention of foodborne disease
Five keys to safer food. Retrieved from
http//www.who.int/foodsafety/consume r/5keys/en/
index.html
24
Possible readings
- FDA (n.d.). Bad Bug Book Foodborne Pathogenic
Pathogens and Natural Toxins Handbook (2nd ed.).
Retrieved from http//www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/
Foo dSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllne ssFood
bornePathogensNaturalToxins/Bad BugBook/UCM297627.
pdf
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